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SECRET
MINISTRY OF INFORMATION
HOME INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY REPORT
Copy No. 283

The aim of this Report is to present an impartial assessment of public feeling about the war and the war effort. It is not a record of fact , except in so far as public opinion is itself a fact. The public is sometimes ill-informed, prejudiced, or inconsistent. The recording of such feelings without comment implies no endorsement of them.

The public is more prone to criticise than to praise. Good work or efficiency is usually taken for granted. An accurate record of expressed feeling will, therefore, tend to be critical rather than laudatory. Though this Report must inevitably represent mainly articulate opinion, it has been found in practice that the views of the less articulate do not substantially differ, though their range is smaller.

The method of compiling the Report is such that the amount of space devoted to each subject, and the order in which subjects are placed, are roughly indicative of the amount of public interest each is arousing. The omission of a subject from the Report means that it is not a matter of widespread comment.

In assessing the state of public feeling there are no absolutes. Findings can only be comparative. Each issue of this Report must therefore be read as part of a continuous series. Unless the series is seen as a whole, the significance of fluctuations in feeling cannot be appreciated.

The figures in brackets at the end of each section refer to sources of information, a list of which is given on the next page. The weekly reports from Regional Information Officers (R.I.Os.) are compiled by their Regional Intelligence Officers from a large number of sources. Details of the methods of compilation and cross-checking are contained in a paper on “How the Home Intelligence Weekly Report is made”. This will be supplied on request to the Home Intelligence Division of the Ministry of Information.

37138-1

P.T.O.

618 621 4 622 5 623 6 624 7 625 8 626 9 627 10 628 11 629 12 630 13 632 15 634 17 635 18 636 19 637 20 638 21 639 22 640 23

Wt 39944. 10M 11/43. W.R.R. & S. Ltd. GP 38. (14).
MINISTRY OF INFORMATION
HOME INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY REPORT
SECRET

No. 166, 9th December, 1943

(Covering period from 30th November to 7th December, 1943)

I. GENERAL COMMENTS

1. General

Public satisfaction with war events has increased this week, thanks to the new offensive in Italy, the raids on Germany, Russian advances and the meeting at Teheran “between the three great men”.

Nevertheless spirits have risen only a little: the flu epidemic is the chief topic for most people, and general tiredness, ill-health and the blackout are the cause of some depression.

The release of the Mosleys continues to be widely discussed, but with less vehemence - though much resentment is still simmering.

The ballot scheme for securing labour for the mines has had a mixed, but on the whole favourable reception.

Domestic Front : Much talk of Christmas, chiefly about the prospects of getting a turkey, and the price and quality of toys. Postwar prospects, housing and footwear continue to be anxiously discussed.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 13. 17 and 18 passim)

2. The Allied Conferences

The news of the two conferences has given much satisfaction, but so far there has been only limited comment. This is thought to be because people are waiting for more precise information before expressing opinions, because the news did not come as a complete surprise, and because there is some impatience with so many conferences which talk of the final assault.

The Cairo Conference : The first reactions were surprise and pleasure at the presence of General Chiang Kai-Shek, and disappointment at the absence of Marshal Stalin. This disappointment largely disappeared with the news of the Teheran conference, though there was still some regret and failure to understand why the Russian and Chinese leaders can never meet. Most people are glad to have China once more “in the picture” - as with many, workers especially, she comes second in popularity only to Russia - and there is great satisfaction at the comprehensive plans for fighting the Japanese.

The declaration of punishment to be meted out to Japan went further than some had expected, but has met with very wide approval (Nine Regions). There is, however, minority criticism from (a) those who are tired of “fist-shaking” and want to see words translated into action, (b) those who feel that the problem of Japan's expanding population will still have to be solved, (c) those who fear threats will only stiffen her resistance and may provoke her to atrocities.

The Teheran Conference : Only preliminary reports have been received so far, but people appear to be far more interested in this than in the Cairo Conference. There is great satisfaction - and some enthusiasm - that at last the three great leaders have come together; though Marshal Stalin has been criticised for “only going 60 miles out of his own country”, while the other two had to go so far. People hope that all misunderstandings between the western democracies and Russia have now been smoothed away, that the future of Poland has been satisfactorily settled, and all arrangements made for the final assault on Germany. Meanwhile they are pleased at the apparent friendliness of the proceedings and eagerly await further information.

There is so far little comment on the joint declaration, but, according to the Scottish report, “the fact that Stalin's signature appears on it gives evidence to many - especially workers - that the document will be honoured. Greater faith is placed in Stalin's word than in any other statesman's.”

The release of news : Criticism of “the mishandling of publicity” is mentioned in reports from eight Regions, two of which, however, suggest that it comes largely from press circles or the “more informed”. Nevertheless many people seem annoyed that other countries, and especially the U.S.A., should have heard the news before we did; and the fact that the Cairo conference to some extent “fell flat” is thought to be because news came through first from enemy and neutral sources.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 13. 18 passim)

3. The Mosleys' release

Excitement has subsided considerably, and many are now speaking of “a storm in a tea-cup”, and asking: “Why all the fuss?” But there are still many, particularly working people, who feel strongly that the Mosleys should not have been released. There is no change in the arguments they use:

Among the growing number who approve the Home Secretary's action are some who nevertheless think that the timing was inappropriate.

Mr. Morrison is now fairly widely praised for acting courageously, according to his convictions in the face of popular clamour, and for his skilful speech in the Debate. There is more comment that opposition was deliberately whipped up to spite the Home Secretary.

In the East End, there are fears of a recrudescence of fascism [Text Missing] and rumours that the British Union of Fascists has taken an old hall in Paddington for meetings.

18B is again criticised, though the majority appear to have no understanding of it.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 13. 17 twelve provincial P.Cs. 18 passim)

4. Italy

The news that we are again moving forward is generally described as heartening. It is thought we still have a stiff job on hand, and the most optimists hope for is Rome by Christmas. There is much sympathy for the troops, and it is feared casualties may be heavy. More details of conditions under which fighting is going on are asked for.

The political situation is little mentioned. There is disgust at stories of Italians being allowed to fleece our men.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 13. 17. 18 passim)

5. Allied air offensive

There is again great interest in the raids on German territory, especially Berlin. They are looked on as a “gruesome necessity” to make future land operations less costly; there is much speculation as to their effect on German morale. Though there is some sympathy for civilians, people generally are thought to display “neither tenderness nor exultation” over the victims; any tendency to “gloat” over their sufferings is disliked.

Concern is reported over the number of bombers lost, especially in the raid of December 2nd.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 13. 17 ten provincial P.Cs. 18 passim)

6. Reprisals and Secret Weapons

In London, it appears that a majority are now giving some thought to the possibility of a retaliatory secret weapon. Indeed, many are anxious about it, though there are still a large number who laugh at the idea. “Frightening tales” are repeated “on good authority”. It is rumoured that rockets have already fallen on London - in Park Lane, the Borough High Street, and somewhere in the West End. There appears to be some confusion between rockets of British and German origin; thus, rockets are said to have been fired at Civil Defence practices. It is also rumoured that the Government is expecting large-scale gas attacks, and huge stocks of bleach powder are said to have been delivered at decontamination centres. Evening theatre and cinema attendances are thought to have declined.

In the rest of the country, there is a good deal of discussion about reprisals, though much less anxiety and more scepticism. Secret weapons are less discussed, though a large-scale gas attack on London is thought conceivable. Anything much anywhere else is not expected.

(1. 2. 3. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 10. 13. 18 twelve P.D.Rs.)

7. Raids on this country

The recent raid on Plymouth is still producing comment on the lack of defences.

In Deal, it is said that people have noticed with dismay the removal of A.A. defences from the town, and in view of threatened reprisals would feel much happier if they could be returned.

(5SE. 7)

8. General Smuts' address (November 25)

This has provoked much thought and discussion. On the whole it has been very highly praised, specially for its candour and realism, though a number of people have been disturbed and feel this is not the moment to throw explosives about.

Disapproving comment is more detailed than approving, and has particularly centred round his references to:

France (Eight Regions): Though the realism of his references to postwar France is praised, they have caused some surprise and regret, and are thought to be rather ill-timed and a “rich plum” for German propaganda. It is thought that the ardour of the French whether fighting or otherwise - will be damped.

Russia, “the Colossus” (Five Regions): This, too, was considered ill-timed by some, and likely to pave the way for still more distrust of Russia.

“Britain will be poor” (Four Regions): Some anxiety and failure to understand the reason for this. A few ask what is to come of the “grandiose” postwar schemes, if we are to be so poor.

Splitting up the Empire into zones (Two Regions): Some suspect an attempt to secure native territories of South Africa for the Union, and consider that coloured peoples are likely to be less well treated under the Dutch or South African flag than under the British.

(1. 2. 3. 5. 5SE. 7. 8. 13)

9. Russia

Admiration of the Russian successes and her continued progress continues, though the slight withdrawals caused some anxiety. The feeling is again expressed that the “Russians are winning the war for us” and it is time we relieved them.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 13. 17 six P.Cs. 18 passim)

10. The Lebanon

Comment continues on familiar lines and has decreased.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 10. 17 two provincial P.Cs. 18 nineteen P.D.Rs.)

11. Leros

Comment continues on familiar lines and has decreased.

(1. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 10. 17 three provincial P.Cs. 18 passim)

12. Turkey

(No reports since the news of the second Cairo Conference)

Speculation as to Turkey's possible entry into the war has recurred - in London it was recently rumoured that she had come in, with resulting intense satisfaction.

There is still some feeling, however, that our loss of the Dodecanese islands has prejudiced the possibility of Turkey becoming our ally.

(1. 4. 5. 6. 10. 18 five P.D.Rs.)

13. War at Sea

During the past four weeks general satisfaction with our successes against the U-boats has been reported. The figures of U-boat losses have acted “as a tonic”.

(1. 2. 3. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 13)

14. Broadcasting and presentation of news

Apart from references to the release of news of the Allied Conferences (q.v.) there is little comment on news presentation; but there is still some complaint of inaccuracy and repetition. Some people feel that the B.B.C. bulletins have been “soft-pedalling” on Russian withdrawals.

Programmes : The improved standard of drama productions is appreciated and more plays are asked for. More light music is wanted and people are thought to tune in to foreign stations to get it. There is comment on the poor quality of variety programmes.

Sir Norman Angell's Postscript , November 28 (Eight Regions) was appreciated. It was thought to be “brilliant, logical, and needing to be said”.

General : Praise for Major Hastings' war commentary, December 2. (Four Regions); “The Air is our Concern” (Three Regions); Brains' Trust, St. Andrews's night (Two Regions); Theodor Broch's Postscript December 5 (Two Regions).

(1. 2. 3. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11)

II. SPECIAL COMMENTS

FULL MONTHLY REVIEW

15. Postwar

During the past four weeks comment on postwar matters has continued widespread. Uneasiness seems to be deepening; in some cases anxiety has become pessimism. The appointment of a Minister for Reconstruction, the Prime Minister's promise of “food, work and homes for all”, and the emphasis on postwar matters in the King's speech, although serving temporarily to raise hopes, have had no appreciable lasting effect.

Cynicism about the possibilities of a “better and brighter” world after the war is increasing. The “shelving” of the Beveridge and other Reports and White Papers, the “lack of definite proposals” and the “nebulousness” of promises are criticised, and are taken as evidence that the Government is really little interested in postwar matters ... “All this talk is merely window-dressing”. “Definite action” is called for and is considered by many to be the only likelihood of reassuring people.

Increasingly pessimistic comparison is being made with “what happened last time”.

Housing : Postwar housing continues to arouse widespread concern, particularly among those married since the war and so far dependent on relatives, or living in furnished rooms. A “wild scramble” when the war ends is feared to be likely.

The delay in announcing plans for housing is strongly criticised. Apart from impatience that building is being held up, it is feared that lack of guiding policy will result in “jerry-building coming into its own again”, in speculation in land, and “the same shameful exploitation which took place after the last war”. The buying up of land and premises “more or less surreptitiously going on at present” is already causing some concern.

There is little detailed comment on the kind of home wanted, though women are becoming increasingly interested and are demanding more say in the planning of houses. The preference for small houses rather than flats is mentioned.

Employment : Fears of postwar unemployment are widespread, particularly, it is said, in the Forces. “Flooding” of the labour market after the war is dreaded and there is much discussion of the prospects of those in the Forces and armament industries, and of women.

In the mining, cotton and heavy industries generally, there is acute anxiety about another “slump” ... “Prospects of a return to normal conditions mean to the people in the coalfield, and in heavy industry generally, a return to unemployment and the dole.” In the Northern Region, the introduction of light industries into the district is demanded, to ease the employment problem after the war.

Education : Discussion of educational reform has continued and has become rather more general, though still chiefly limited to those professionally interested. The raising of the school-leaving age - which it is hoped will help to lessen unemployment - the need for educational apprenticeship, and the “religious side” all arouse interest.

Opposition to the White Paper from religious bodies is criticised, and it is hoped “the Government will be ruthless in its determination to make no concession”. Some minority fears are entertained, however, that “under the cloak of improving education, plans are afoot to educate all in a common mould”.

Postwar Controls : Postwar controls continue to arouse discussion though on a reduced scale. The public are prepared to admit that some controls will be needed after the war, and in some cases urge them as a means of preventing speculation and “racketeering”. Nevertheless they are tired of “continual interference and form-filling”, and “there will be trouble if this is not kept within reasonable bounds”.

It is felt that some definite, official statements should be made about postwar control, because at present it is not clear if the utterances of Ministers are expressions of the Government's views.

Agriculture : Anxiety about postwar farming continues. Farmers and labourers are said to be equally concerned about the Government's future attitude. Better wages and housing for agricultural labourers are urged as means of keeping men on the land.

Local Authorities : The future of Local Authorities is the subject of some discussion (Two Regions). There is said to be some uneasiness about Whitehall's “increasing control” over local affairs.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 17. 18 fifteen P.D.Rs.)

16. Housing and billeting

During the past four weeks the shortage of all kinds of housing accommodation has continued to be the cause of considerable anxiety. In many cases it has become “one of the most immediate and pressing problems on the Home Front”. The Government's delay in “getting a move on” is criticised and it is feared that a chaotic position would result if the war were to end soon.

Particular reference is made to the difficulties experienced by:

The high rents of houses, flats and rooms - furnished and unfurnished - continue to excite bitter comment (Seven Regions). It is again urged that rents for furnished rooms should be controlled.

The “ramp” in the buying and selling of houses at exorbitant prices is also criticised (Four Regions). A “ceiling” on the price of houses, based on pre-war values, is urged.

Repairs : Difficulties in getting repairs done are complained of (Four Regions). Even where repairs have been carried out they are said not to stand up at all well to the rain.

In London there are also complaints of the delay in repairing bomb-damaged houses “until an investigation has been made by the Council”.

Local Authorities' requisitioning powers : Disappointment continues to be expressed (Two Regions). “Either there is nothing to requisition, or all talk and no do” results.

Agricultural housing : The delay in the building of the agricultural cottages continues to arouse comment (Four Regions).

Billeting : In the Eastern and Southern Regions billeting difficulties are said to remain a source of dissatisfaction. In the Southern Region particularly, it is felt that the housewife is sufficiently harassed without having people billeted on her and that after four years of war, hostels should by now have been provided.

In the South Western Region and in Wales there have been some complaints at the thought of having to billet American troops.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 13. 17. 18 one P.D.R.)

17. Miners and mining

The ballot system : Comment has been considerable and reactions have been as follows:

Approval : The majority among both miners and the general public think it is a good idea because they feel it will be fair to all (Ten Regions).

Disapproval : An appreciable minority disapprove or qualify their acceptance, because they believe:

There is some sympathy for those who are chosen and parents are said to be “aghast”. It is reported that young men in the Northern Region say they would rather go to gaol than down a mine; they are said to be volunteering for air crews and the Navy.

Nothing but disapproval is reported from the Midland Region, where it is thought that it will only result in more square pegs in round holes. Simpler folk wonder how they will get all the names into one hat.

During the past four weeks concern about the coal-mining situation has continued.

The following are thought chiefly to account for trouble and difficulties :

(a) Unpopularity of Government manpower measures (Five Regions), in particular:

(Since the announcement of the ballot system there has been less criticism on these lines).

(b) Miners' remembrance of the way they were treated after the last war and their concern about the future of the industry (Four Regions).

(c) Conditions of work in general, and particularly the lack of up-to-date machinery in some mines (Three Regions).

(d) Disparity of wages between mining and other industries (Two Regions).

(e) “Subversive influences” in the coal-fields (One Region).

Remedies : Many feel that nationalisation is the only solution (Five Regions). Extra food rations and a shorter working week are other suggestions (Two Regions each).

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 17. 18 twelve P.D.Rs.)

18. Domestic fuel

Supplies of coal : People in the Northern, North Eastern, North Midland and London Regions wonder how they will manage on the coal allowance this winter. Supply difficulties are reported from Norfolk.

Economy campaign : There is little interest in the campaign. Opinion is divided as to the effort being made to economise. There is some feeling that people resent exhortations and feel rather that firmer action against strikers and greater economy in large organisations is needed (Three Regions).

Waste of fuel is alleged in London stores, offices - especially American premises, and Fun Fairs (Three Regions).

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 7. 9. 10. 17. 18 seven P.D.Rs.)

19. Industry

Press accounts of the action taken by the Ministry of Labour against Desoutters, for ignoring a direction, has heartened work-people, who think that “at last” the Essential Work Order is being used impartially.

During the past four weeks comment has been mainly on the following topics:

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 13. 17)

20. Strikes

A slight decrease in comment this week (Nine Regions), though the great majority continue to condemn strikes in wartime; a small number still feel that workers have no other means of improving conditions.

During the past four weeks various suggestions as to the cause of strikes have been made:

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 13. 17. 18 nine P.D.Rs.)

21. Manpower

During the past four weeks comment has decreased. However, the main topics have been:

(a) The registration of older women (Seven Regions): Some criticism has again been reported (Six Regions) but on a very reduced scale, dying away to nothing the last week.

The chief ground of criticism was that many young people are not yet fully employed. It is also believed by a few that some factories have idle time; also that the women's health will be affected. Others complain of the tactless manner of Ministry of Labour interviewers.

Women in the South-East are reported on the whole to have welcomed the registration and to be impatient with the attitude of some male M.Ps.

(b) Misuse of labour (Five Regions): The view persists that labour is still not being used to the best advantage and reference is again made to:

(c) Evasion of call-up by some women, especially young marrieds (Two Regions).

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 8. 9)

22. Domestic help

During the past four weeks there have been continued references to the shortage of domestic help (Nine Regions). The difficulties of elderly people, invalids, mothers with several young children, farmers' wives, and doctors, are particularly mentioned. The flu epidemic is said to have brought the question of domestic help to a head. Men are said to have had to stay away from their work when their wives have been ill.

There has been some criticism of Mr. Bevin's “New Deal for domestic Servants” (Four Regions). It is feared that many middle-class homes will be quite incapable of paying his rates.

(1. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 9. 10)

23. Agriculture

This week much concern is reported at the revised farm prices announced by the Minister of Agriculture (Five Regions). Farmers feel these will not meet the increased wage charges and that the Ministry is guilty of a breach of faith. Some are said now to be becoming apprehensive about the future and to compare the present action with the repeal of the Corn Production Act after the last war, when the first step was made towards sending the industry into a state of depression.

During the past four weeks the main topics have been:

Land cultivation (Five Regions): Farmers are beginning to fear for the continued fertility of the soil under the present policy of intensive culture. They feel the peak has been reached and that it is useless to grow further cereal crops unless the land has been rested. Some consider the loss of fertility is already apparent.

It is thought also that suitability of land and climatic conditions should be carefully considered when extra cultivation demands are made. Grain matures so late in the North that much is wasted, and some farmers think they have ploughed to the limit and that the time has come for concentration on milk, and cattle for meat.

Labour and wages (Five Regions): Concern is reported at the serious shortage of skilled labour, particularly cow-men and dairy hands. Farmers say that since their employees now pay income tax they are not so keen on working overtime, and it is also very difficult to get men to work on Sundays. A case is reported of one farm being forced to close down its dairy section on that account. Some feeling is reported that the new minimum wages rate of £3. 5. 0 compares unfavourably with wages paid on local aerodrome sites and causes discontent among the workers. At the same time there is praise for the land workers and appreciation of their “long hours and no indulgence in unpatriotic strikes”.

Concern is reported also at the shortage of rural craftsmen, such as thatchers (Two Regions).

War Agricultural Executive Committees (Four Regions): Some feel these Committees tend to become composed of “groups of men all in with each other”, and there is criticism of mismanagement and the dictatorial attitude of some junior officials. It is reported from the Southern Region that “although no publicity is given to the methods of ejection of ‘bad husbandmen’ by the Hants W.A.E.O., their activities are causing a little alarm and their apparently unlimited powers are considered to savour of the Gestapo”. On the other hand, in the Eastern Region, “the work of these Committees is, in the main, appreciated”.

Housing (Three Regions): Hardships over tied cottages and the shortage of agricultural cottages continue to be reported, and there is complaint that farm workers' cottages are being made of poor materials, e.g. cardboard door panels.

Women's Land Army (Two Regions): The vital work which the women are doing for the country is praised, but there is comment on the proposed rise in wages by 3/- a week. Some employers consider the beginning of the winter an inopportune time for this and fear it may lead to some land girls being paid off.

(1. 3. 4. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 18 two P.D.Rs.)

24. Health

During the past four weeks there have been increasing references to the epidemic of colds and flu , which this week is said to be a widespread topic of discussion (Twelve Regions, several more than once). The epidemic is attributed mainly to lowered powers of resistance due to lack of vitamins in the national diet (Six Regions). Other causes mentioned are:

There is a desire that some simple precautionary measures should be issued by the Ministry of Health, and there is some discussion about Patulin (Three Regions). Some anxiety is reported among those who remember the flu epidemic of the last war (Three Regions).

General health : There have again this month been several references to war weariness and strain (Eight Regions). This continues to be attributed to long hours of work, wartime food and lack of holidays.

Government statements about the good health of the nation continue to meet with criticism (Six Regions). In the Southern Region it is pointed out that statistics cannot take into account the number of people who, although not fit, are conscientiously at work, whereas under normal conditions they would be away under doctors' orders.

Tuberculosis (Six Regions): Concern continues at the increase in tuberculosis. It is thought that the exclusion of chronic T.B. sufferers from the Government allowance will cause hardship and that it is “a blot on a civilised country”.

Shortage of hospital accommodation (Four Regions): Concern continues, especially at the lack of maternity beds in hospitals.

Shortage of doctors (Four Regions): Doctors are reported to be over-worked and to have too many patients to be able to watch each one carefully. It is thought too many doctors have been called up.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 17 five provincial P.Cs. 18 seventeen P.D.Rs.)

25. Venereal diseases campaign

During the past four weeks approval for the campaign has continued. The posters and publicity are praised, though it is thought that even stronger measures are needed. More lectures and films on the subject would be welcomed.

The increased amount of drinking, especially among young girls, is deplored as it is thought to pave the way for V.D. It is again suggested that the “no treating order” should be reintroduced.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 10. 18 six P.D.Rs.)

26. Clothing

There has been some appreciative comment in Northern Ireland and the South Eastern District on the reduction in coupon value of wooden-soled shoes (November 22) and cheaper shoes (November 25). In four other Regions, however, opinion is more critical: “Two pairs of rotten ones at ten coupons not worth one good pair”. It is suggested this was done to enable manufacturers to get rid of shoddy goods; also, that wooden-soled shoes are “simply a flop” because they wear out too quickly.

During the last four weeks the following familiar topics have been reported (See also Constant Topics, Nos. 2. 5. 16. 22):

Shortage of blackout material (Four Regions): “People think it unfair they should be prosecuted for blackout offences when it is impossible to buy sufficient material in the shops.”

Board of Trade publicity : Make Do and Mend classes continue to be popular, particularly in the South Western Region; they are also creating a great deal of interest in South Eastern villages. The Domestic Front Exhibition is spoken of appreciatively in Swindon.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 13. 17. 18 eighteen P.D.Rs.)

27. Toys

Strong complaints continue of high prices and often very poor quality of toys. Some people are disappointed that there was not a greater number of toys available following the announcement of the lifting of the quota restrictions (December 1). Fantastic prices of secondhand toys are bitterly criticised; £10 or more for a doll's pram is thought ridiculous.

(1. 3. 5. 6. 7. 9. 18 passim)

28. Alarm clocks

During the past four weeks there have again been complaints of the shortage of alarm clocks, and requests for permits from many workers not entitled to receive them.

This week it is reported from Wales that many workers are pleased with the new regulation concerning the issue of alarm clocks, as they will now be eligible to receive them.

(1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 8. 9)

29. Furniture

During the past four weeks there have again been complaints of excessive prices demanded for both new and secondhand furniture. Utility furniture is also thought to be expensive.

(2. 3. 4. 7. 8. 10)

30. Food

General satisfaction with the food situation is tempered by comment on the particular items set out below and in Constant Topics (Nos. 4. 12. 18. 21. 26). There is, too, a growing feeling that wartime food is not sufficiently nourishing to give the necessary resistance to illness and tiredness (Six Regions), and some people connect the flu epidemic with the quality of the present food.

Christmas fare is again a subject of much interest and some anxiety, and many people are worrying about what they are likely to eat for Christmas (Nine Regions) and drink on New Year's Eve (Two Regions including Scotland). People on the whole do not seem very hopeful of getting a turkey - “we shall be lucky if we get a rabbit” - and some are resentful and suspect that the matter is not being fairly dealt with. It is suggested that turkeys could be cut up and sold in portions.

The shortage of dried fruit is greatly deplored (Seven Regions[Text Missing] so is absence of suet (Three Regions).

During the past four weeks there has been comment on:

Milk : There have been continuous complaints of the smallness of the present ration (Eleven Regions). Particular sufferers are:

There are also complaints of distribution (Six Regions), and there is a persistent belief that “other places” - whether the next street or a different locality - have plenty, or at least a bit over the ration.

Oranges : Distribution has been criticised (Six Regions) on two grounds:

The inadequacy of the cooking fat ration (Six Regions), particularly at Christmas time.

Canadian apples have been looked forward to with pleasure (Five Regions); and there is some impatience at their non-appearance, particularly in the Northern Region where it is asked: “Why should they go to the South where they have plenty of English apples and can grow their own?” Supplies were greatly appreciated in Scotland, but “control of sale would have been welcomed, as supplies often went to shop-crawlers before workers could get them”.

The difficulty of getting invalid foods (Three Regions): Ovaltine is particularly mentioned and so is whiskey which, even when ordered by the doctor, is often unobtainable for other than regular customers.

The “nastiness” of wartime cakes (Three Regions).

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 13. 17 and 18 passim)

31. Shopping difficulties and food queues

During the past four weeks complaints have been fewer (Eight Regions), but on familiar lines, and very strong in the London Region where shopping is described as “a nightmare for the working woman” (See Constant Topics, No. 6). The lunch-time and earlier winter closing of shops still seems to be the greatest cause of difficulties, and workers are still the section of the public to suffer most. People grumble that shopping is very tiring and wastes so much time.

There are again complaints of:

(2. 4. 5. 5SE. 8. 9. 10. 11)

32. Old Age Pensions

The improved standard of supplementary pensions, which will come into force on January 17 if approved by Parliament, has been welcomed (Three Regions), though many people feel that an increase in the basic pension is needed.

During the past four weeks there have been repeated references to the inadequacy of old age pensions, in view of the increased cost of living, and to the wish for their increase (Seven Regions, See Constant Topics, No. 7). Some feel that, in addition to an increase, there should be an extra food allowance - especially milk - and “less probing into the most intimate conditions of a pensioner”.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 8. 9. 10)

33. Income tax

During the past four weeks approval for the “pay-as-you-earn” scheme has continued (Five Regions). There are still many people who would like a clear and simple explanation of it, and a broadcast on the subject (December 3) was praised.

Managements continue to complain of the extra amount of work for their staff that will be involved, and some fear they will have to engage extra accountants. Those not concerned with operating the scheme, however, hope it will not be shelved because of the extra labour needed.

Postwar credits : Some people fear that postwar credits will merely be credited to them against income tax, and not paid in cash.

Irish workers : Bitter comment is reported about Irish workers who return to Eire after six months, without paying tax (North Midland Region).

Slacking to avoid paying tax is still reported . The case is mentioned of a nurse who said she was obliged to take far longer holidays than she used to, as otherwise she would be liable for tax.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 9)

34. Servicemen's pensions and dependants' allowances

During the past four weeks , there have again been complaints of the inadequacy of Service pensions - whether for dependants or for the men themselves (Four Regions), and of dependants' allowances (Three Regions See Constant Topics, No. 13). There is, however, some feeling that the general treatment of cases has improved and there is praise for the work of the Pensions Appeals Tribunals; it is thought that more publicity about them might do good. There is, too, appreciation of the grant to widows for rent.

Specific complaints mentioned (One Region each) are:

(3. 4. 5. 7. 9. 11)

35. Home Guard, fire-watching and Civil Defence

Fire-watching duties : During the past two weeks criticism has continued on lines previously reported, though the recent announcement of some alleviation of duty in areas where this can safely be made has given satisfaction. There is disappointment in some districts where no release is possible. One report states “the present increase in illness has brought fresh grumbles, and in industrial areas there is strong evidence of the deplorable effect of fire-watching on miners, heavy workers and housewives”.

Home Guard : Complaints have continued of the amount of duty required, particularly from workers already employed for long hours and those who have already trained for many months. But keen members of the Home Guard again criticise Sir Walter Citrine's speech as implying a doubt of the value of their services and providing wavering members with an excuse for shirking. They advocate a greater insistence on attendances. It is thought that the “browned-off” feeling persists probably because it no longer seems evident that the Home Guard has a function to perform. One report suggests that what is wanted is not a cutting down of the Home Guard but more time off, and that one Sunday a month would have a tremendous effect.

Civil Defence : It is suggested in one report that full-time C.D. personnel could be detailed for work in shops and offices near their Headquarters.

(1. 2. 3. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 18 six P.D.Rs.)

36. Blackout

During the past four weeks there has again been comment on the depressing effect of the blackout, which some think might now be modified, especially in inland areas. Some people ask why side roads cannot have star-lighting like main roads. In London it is thought that grumbles have died down sharply since the raid on Putney.

On the other hand laxity of blackout is criticised in some quarters and it is thought that torches used by people leaving buildings must show up more than scattered lights. Pedestrians, motorists and cyclists all complain of the dangerous flashing of torches, and of the blinding effect of headlights with badly adjusted masks. Drivers who adhere to regulations are often at a disadvantage.

(2. 3. 5. 5SE. 8. 9. 10. 18 nine P.D.Rs.)

37. Transport difficulties

During the past four weeks transport difficulties have continued to be widely reported, on familiar lines:

Holiday travel (Two Regions): Some people in the South Western Region are said to be intending to travel over Christmas; heavy holiday traffic is also expected between Northern Ireland and Eire.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5SE. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 13. 18 ten P.D.Rs.)

38. Petrol

During the past four weeks there have been several complaints of waste and misuse of petrol (Seven Regions). Unequal distribution of petrol is alleged and it is asked where private car owners get their petrol (Three Regions). Complaints are chiefly of petrol wasted by:

The restoration of the basic petrol ration rumour has reappeared this week in reports from the North Eastern and North Western Regions.

(1. 2. 3. 4. 7. 8. 9. 10. 18 two P.D.Rs.)

39. Salvage

During the past four weeks , inadequate collection of salvage has been reported from four Regions. This, coupled with the alleged waste of paper by (a) Government departments in sending out circulars, and (b) the display of commercial advertisements, is considered to be the reason for the falling off of public interest in salvage.

(2. 3. 7. 8. 10)

CONSTANT TOPICS OVERLEAF

III. MONTHLY SUMMARY OF CONSTANT TOPICS NO. 17

(Covering period from 9th November to 7th December 1943)

All topics arising for the first time are included in the main Weekly Reports. The following have lost their novelty, while still retaining their importance for large sections of the public. They are arranged according to the frequency with which they have been reported.

No subject has been included to which fewer than nine references have been made during the past month.

1. Transport difficulties

2. Inadequacy of clothing coupons for :

(a) General

(b) Renewing household goods

(c) Working clothes for workers

(d) Growing Children

3. Tiredness and ill-health

4. Milk difficulties due to :

(a) Reduction of ration

(b) Distribution

5. Difficulty of getting shoes repaired and poor quality of repairs

6. Shopping difficulties and food queues

7. Inadequacy of old age pensions

8. Waste of petrol

9. Enforced idleness in industry, wasted time, or complaints of bad organisation

10. Disparities in pay

11. Poor quality, high price, or bad distribution of coal

12. Poor distribution of oranges

13. Inadequacy of Service pay and dependants'[Text Missing]allowances [Text Missing]and [Text Missing]Service pensions

14. Complaints about salvage collection

SHORTAGES

15. Shortage and high price of housing accommodation and difficulty of billeting workers

16. Shortage and poor quality of footwear for :

(a) Children

(b) Adults

17. Shortage of domestic help

18. Shortage of dried fruit

19. Shortage and high price of crockery, glass and kitchenware

20. Shortage of shoe polish

21. Shortage of fish

22. Shortage and poor quality of adults' and children's clothing, including utility clothing

23. Shortage of razor blades

24. Shortage of and demand for alarm clocks

25. Shortage of batteries

26. Shortage of cornflour and custard powder

27. Opposition to the registration of women of 46-50

The following subjects, included in this list last month, are now omitted as there have been fewer than nine references to them during the past month: (i) Belief that the best use is not being made of man and woman power (ii) Preferential treatment by shopkeepers and conditional sales to the public (iii) Shortage of biscuits (iv) Shortage of sweets and chocolate (v) Shortage and unequal distribution of fresh fruit (vi) Shortage of breakfast cereals .

617

REFERENCES

D 37138-1 10,000 6/43 R P W