A History of the Ministry of Information, 1939-46

2.

Type of Sanitary Towel Usually Worn By Housewives.

Housewives were asked to indicate the type of Sanitary Towel usually worn. Some of the 1468 housewives replying mentioned more than one type.

%
Washable Towels 34.0
Packet: Soluble 25.8
Insoluble 39.5
Home-made Towels 5.8
Other Kinds 2.8
Sample 1468

Home-made towels may include some which should have been included under washable, but it was not possible to make sure of the fact.”Other kinds” include Tampons.

Comparable figures are given for bombed, reception and other areas. They should be used only with care, since there are no pre-war figures which would throw up war time changes and pre-war habits may well be the determining factor in the areas concerned.

Bombed % Reception % Other %
Washable Towels 32.3 34.6 34.7
Packet: Soluble 30.0 20.0 25.7
Insoluble 40.0 43.5 37.5
Home-made Towels 5.3 5.9 6.0
Other Kinds 2.5 2.0 3.3
Sample 435 305 728

Social Groups .

A
%
B
%
C
%
D
%
Total
%
Washable Towels 6.7 28.0 ± 5.7 29.4 49.6 34.0
Packet: Soluble 42.8 32.8 27.9 15.5 25.8
Insoluble 51.3 47.3 40.1 31.7 39.5
Home-made Towels 4.0 5.3 9.1 5.8
Other Kinds 10.9 (+5.7) 2.8 3.1 0.4 2.8
119 247 616 486 1468

Sharp differences appear in habits among different social classes from these figures. The proportion noting other kinds in A groups is not based on a large sample and is accurate only between 5.2% and 16.6%. It will be seen that between 90% and 70% in upper groups use packet types as against less than 50% in the lowest income group.

3.

Urban and Rural.

Urban
%
Rural
%
Total
%
Washable Towels 31.0 48.9 (± 6.4) 34.0
Packet: Soluble 27.5 17.6 (± 4.8) 25.8
Insoluble 40.1 36.4 (±6.1) 39.5
Home-made Towels 6.2 3.7 5.8
Other Kinds 2.9 2.0 2.8
Sample 1222 245 1467

Strict application of probable error (two standard deviations) weakens the differences indicated above. Urban housewives, however, even where figures are interpreted strictly, show some extra preference for packet types, and there are clear differences in the use of Washable Towels.

Age Groups.

20-29 30-39 40-50
% % %
Washable 23.3 29.9 48.8
Packet: Soluble 33.1 28.4 15.2
Insoluble 44.7 40.6 32.2
Home Made Towels 2.8 6.8 9.8
Other Kinds 3.7 3.7 0.9
353 511 317

SOURCES OF SUPPLY, BRANDS USED AND PREFERENCES FOR BRANDS OF PACKET SANITARY TOWEL.

4.

Brands of Packet Sanitary Towel Used.

Housewives using Packet or “Other” type of S.T. were asked to indicate the brand they used. This question was not asked in Glasgow, Peebles, Dorchester or Salisbury, and of the remaining housewives using packet or “Other” type, some 495 replied as follows:-

Brand No % of Housewives Replying
Southall’s 143 28.9 (±4.08)
Mene 120 24.8 (±3.9)
Lilia 148 29.9 (±4.06)
Kotex 90 18.2 (±3.4)
Hosene 22 4.4 (±1.84)
Camelia 30 6.1 (±2.08)
Boots 17 3.4
Sucan 8 1.6
Modess 30 6.1 (±2.08)
Regaid 5 1.0
C.W.S 5 1.0
Woolworth’s 14 2.8
Lewi’s 5 1.0
Miss Clayton’s 2 0.4
Johnsons 2 0.4
Celtex 5 1.0
Southall’s K 8 1.6
Sachen 5 1.0
Sylvia 4 0.8
Tampax 46 9.3 (±2.6)
Hollypax 3 0.6
Other Types 12 2.5
Vague Answers 16 3.2
No particular preference 167 33.7
Sample 495

All proportions over 1% in this sample are statistically of positive significance. Probable error on the proportions given for the most important brands is calculated at two standard deviations.

Many of the housewives mentioned more than one brand of Sanitary Towel.

It will be seen that many housewives mentioned one of the four most prominent brands. It is interesting that, confronted with the question “Which brand do you usually use?”, one third of the housewives answering had no clear preference. Such housewives occasionally commented that “they did not mind the brand as long as the towels were large enough or comfortable.”

It is not possible to estimate the preferences of housewives unwilling to answer this question, and it cannot be assumed that the proportions indicated above are a guide to this, since they represent the answers of people willing to give the particular information.

5.

Preferences for Brands of Sanitary Towels.

All housewives using Packet S.Ts were asked to indicate the brand preferred. Answers were received from 893 housewives, and may be compared with the type used as indicated above.

A word of caution must be given here that the analysis of brands used did not include details for Glasgow, Peebles, Dorchester and Salisbury, whereas the preferences include details from all towns. Comparison of these figures must therefore bear this point in mind.

Brand No. % of Housewives Replying
Southall’s 180 20.1
Mene 147 16.5
Lilia 152 17.0
Hosene 47 5.2
Camelia 19 2.1
Kotex 101 11.3
Boot’s 28 3.1
Sucan 5 0.6
Modess 23 2.6
Regaid 5 0.6
C.W.S 5 0.6
Woolworth’s 15 1.7
Lewi’s 3 0.3
Miss Clayton’s 3 0.3
T. White’s 4 0.4
Celtex 5 0.6
Southall’s 13 1.4
Sachena 5 0.6
Sylvia 4 0.4
Tampax 33 3.7
Hollypax 1 0.1
Others 9 1.0
Vague Answers 4 0.4
No particular preference 167 18.7
Sample 893

It is interesting that the proportions mentioning the four leading brands actually used.

Brand % Preferring % Using
Southall’s 20.1 28.9
Mene 16.5 24.8
Lilia 17.0 29.9
Kotex 11.3 18.2
No Preference 18.7 33.7

Unless the omission of the four towns invalidates such a comparison, the figures indicate that housewives are to some extent unable to secure the brands they prefer and that a large proportion of housewives have no preference as between the brands they are able to secure.

An attempt was made to estimate the effect of omitting these four areas by re-calculating preferences without including preference figures for the four towns. This, as will be seen below, has the effect of lessening somewhat the differences between types preferred and types used, but the main conclusion remains true.

Brand % Preferring, All Towns. % Preferring, Less 4 Towns. % Using, Less 4 Towns
Southall’s 20.1 24.1 28.9
Mene 16.5 18.5 24.8
Lilia 17.0 19.9 29.9
Kotex 11.3 13.3 18.2
No Preference 18.7 20.1 33.7

It would appear that preferences in Glasgow, Peebles, Dorchester and Salisbury were, on the whole, less for the four main brands than in other towns visited.

Reasons for Brand Preferences in Packet Sanitary Towels.

All housewives indicating preferences for certain brands of Sanitary Towels were asked their reasons for their preference.

In only three brands, Southall’s, Mene and Lilia, were the number of housewives expressing preference sufficiently large for an analysis of the reasons offered for preference to be of use.

Reasons for Preference. Southall’ s Mene Lillia
Comfortable, Soft, “Dont Chafe.” 38.9 47.6 68.3
Habit, “Always use them.” 26.3 21.8 30.9
“Good Protection” , also well packed or padded. 23.3 21.8 23.0
“Good size”,”right size”, “large size”. 9.9 10.2 10.5
“Good Shape”, fit well. 1.6 8.8 4.6

In the following cases, an appreciable proportion of Lilia users had comments to make, but much smaller proportions of the other two types.

“Hygienic”, “Made of Clean Material.” 2.8 1.3 12.5
“Easy to dispose of Clean Material.” - - 23.0
“They suit me best; of clean material.” 6.1 8.8 23.0

Many people made more than one comment, and these figures therefore contain duplication. In addition to these differences on the part of Lilia users, it was observed that many more Lilia users than users of other brands had two or three comments to make on Lilia. Thus:

Southall’s Mene Lilia
Total Comments Made 225 193 347
Housewives Involved 180 147 152
6.

Sources of Supply of Packet S.T.

Housewives using Packet S.Ts were asked where they generally obtained their towels, Some duplication occurs in the proportions noted below, since some housewives mentioned more than one source of supply.

%
Draper 490 52.9
Chemist 415 44.8
Slot Machine 11 1.2
Other Sources 117 12.6
Sample 927

These proportions are given below for bombed, reception and other areas, though it must be pointed out that wartime changes cannot be alone responsible for what differences there are. They are based not on persons, but on the number of times each source of supply is mentioned.

Reception Areas Bombed Areas Others
Draper 37.4 51.5 49.2
Chemist 50.0 40.0 36.0
Slot Machine 2.4 .6 .8
Other Sources 10.2 7.9 14.0
Sample 217 315 501

Social Groups.

A B C D Total
Draper 57.8 55.0 71.2 42.5 52.9
Chemist 53.2 59.4 41.2 35.0 44.8
Slot Machine 0.9 1.1 0.7 2.2 1.2
Other Sources 1.8 2.7 13.3 24.8 12.6
Sample 109 185 407 226

It will be seen that in the D group there are fewer duplications than in the other groups and an appreciable proportion of housewives buying from “Other Sources”.

No notable differences appear in the proportions of housewives in urban or rural areas acquiring their Sanitary Towels from the four sources noted.

Age Groups.

No statistically significant differences on the basis of the present sample can be shown to exist between the sources of supply favoured by housewives of different ages. There is however a tendency for the 40-50s to prefer the Draper and the 20-40s to prefer the Chemist. The 20-40s tend also to use other sources more markedly than 40-50s.

It should be explained that “Other Sources” include chain stores, Woolworth’s and shops other than specifically Drapers or Chemists.

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