A History of the Ministry of Information, 1939-46

5

Public Attitudes Towards Government Instructions

An Inquiry made by the Wartime Social Survey for the Ministry of information, May, 1942

Interviewing was carried out during the period 30 April to 13 May

6

“Could you name any particular thing the Government is asking people to do at the moment?”

72.4% of those asked were able to name at least one Government Instruction. Some of these named more than one.

Answers are classified as follows:

%
Salvage 628 31.0
War Savings 355 17.5
War work (including women’s war work) Go To It 298 14.7
Save fuel 211 10.4
Economise, don’t waste 103 5.1
Carry your gas mask 100 4.9
Dig for Victory 85 4.2
Help war effort. Do your bit. (vague) 74 3.7
Food Instructions. Don’t waste food 71 3.5
Avoid unnecessary travel 55 2.7
Avoid careless talk 46 2.3
Join Civil Defence, H.G., or fire-watch 45 2.2
Invasion: Stay put 27 1.3
Miscellaneous 91 4.5
None remembered 561 27.6
Sample 2034

The question was left entirely open, and interviewers were instructed not to prompt in any circumstances.

In considering these results it should be borne in mind that informants were not asked how many Government instructions they could think of, but whether they could name any. Informants may therefore be expected to have named the one or two Government instructions that were uppermost in their minds, and the fact that any one informant may have named only one or two does not mean that he was unaware of other instructions.

The percentages given above, therefore, are mainly significant in the relations they bear to one another, and do not indicate the proportions of the public that are aware of the particular Government instructions named.

Breakdown of these results into answers received from men and women show little difference, except that relatively more women than men mentioned Salvage. The proportion of those unable to give any answer is roughly the same in both groups.

Men
%
Women
%
Total
%
Salvage 26.3 + 3 34.4 31.0
War Savings 19.2 + 2.3 16.1 17.5
War work 16.7 12.3 14.7
Save fuel 9.6 11.0 10.4
None remembered 25.9 + 3 28.8 27.6
Sample 875 1159

People in the younger age groups were more often able to give a reply than those aged over 45.

Under 30
%
30-45
%
Over 45
%
Total
%
Salvage 35.8 31.6 27.0 31.0
War Savings 19.5 18.1 15.4 17.5
War work 17.6 16.6 10.9 14.7
Save fuel 11.9 9.2 10.3 10.4
None remembered 22.5 24.4 33.7 27.6
Sample 564 685 778

People living in rural districts more frequently said Salvage than those living in urban districts.

Urban
%
Rural
%
Total
%
Salvage 29.9 44.2 + 6.2 31.0
War Savings 18.5 12.3 + 4 17.5
War work 13.5 10.4 14.7
Save fuel 10.4 10.7 10.4
None remembered 28.3 25.0 + 5.2 27.6
Sample 1750 260

Are there any Government instructions or information that you would like to have explained more fully?

78.5% said that there were not or that they were unable to think of any at the moment.

In considering this result it should be remembered that the 78.5% includes both those who thought they were clear about Government instructions and did not want further explanation and those who were apathetic.

The remaining 21.5% answered as follows:

Number % of sample
War work. Reservation and call-up
Women’s registration. Working conditions
82 4.0
Invasion 61 3.0
A.R.P. and fire-watching 51 2.5
Food and food rationing 49 2.4
Income tax 44 2.2
Fuel rationing 35 1.7
Clothes rationing 20 1.0
Salvage 11 0.5
Air raid compensation 9 0.4
Miscellaneous inquiries 30 1.5
Miscellaneous criticisms of instructions 67 3.3
Sample 2034
7

Are you quite clear about what you should do in the case of invasion?

%
Yes 1550 76.4
No 270 13.3
Vague 208 10.3
Sample 2028

In the category “Vague” are included those people who said that some other member of the family would take charge, or that they would do as they were told by some person in authority.

The aim of the question was to find out whether people felt they were clear about the invasion instructions, and not whether they had correctly understood the instructions. Answers were subjective on the part of the informant.

Interviewers were asked to record any remarks that informants made with regard to what they would do. As only a proportion of those interviewed volunteered such remarks they have not been tabulated. A substantial proportion of these, however, repeated such slogans as “Stay put”, “Stay where you are”, “Carry on” and “Keep indoors”.

Those who answered “No” were asked what they were not clear about. The replies have not been tabulated as they tend to be miscellaneous or very vague. An answer given by many was that they simply did not know what to do at all and could therefore not say precisely what it was that they were not clear about.

These results seem to show that those people who were satisfied with “Stay put”, etc., tended to answer “Yes”, and that those who answered “No” wanted the slogan more clearly defined.

It will be noted that in the previous, unprompted, question about Government Instructions only 3.3% mentioned Invasion as a subject they wanted more information about.

Men show a higher proportion answering “Yes” than women, and women have a higher proportion than men giving vague answers or saying “No.”

Men
%
Women
%
Total
%
Yes 83.9 70.8 76.4
No 10.8 15.2 13.3
Vague 5.3 14.0 10.3
Sample 871 1157

The middle age groups have a higher proportion answering “Yes” than the Under 20s or Over 65s, the older and younger people answering “No” more frequently. The proportion giving vague answers does not differ as between Age Groups.

Under 20
%
20-30%
%
30 – 45
%
45 – 65
%
Over 65
%
Total
%
Yes 66.7 76.4 + 4.3 8.7 78.5 64.9 76.4
No 22.8 15.3 10.7 11.6 15.7 13.3
Vague 10.5 8.4 8.6 9.9 9.4 10.3
Sample 171 393 685 555 217

Breakdown by urban and rural districts shows no statistically significant differences between the two groups.

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